New Technologies and the Evolution of the Value Chain

The industry faces supply chain challenges, from access to inputs for battery production to the availability of semiconductors. This has already led to "industrial policy" responses to strengthen the domestic value chains in China, Europe and the US. Will such policies lead to new supply changes, and if so, over what time frame? Will this really affect Tier I's, who are already focused on supplying global vehicle platforms? Or will this primarily affect the choices of chip fabricators and lithium miners? Finally, how are vehicle producers adapting to increased electrification, in the face of the obsolescence of the internal combustion engine?
What role are assemblers playing in directing this transition? How important will new entrants be in the markets for electric vehicles? Are they shifting their geographic footprint as part of adopting new propulsion technologies? Will vehicle producers and suppliers increase collaboration to develop new technologies and set standards, or (as with Tier I suppliers) will it lead to additional industry consolidation? Will they provide charging infrastructure, or will that devolve to parties outside the current industry?
At the other end, will the rise of digital retailing and the continuing decline in maintenance needs undermine existing vehicle distribution systems? Who will capture in-vehicle services? – software suppliers, connectivity firms, car companies or some combination thereof? In-vehicle services introduce new safety challenges; how are regulators responding?