Public policies – national and regional clusters: between path dependency/inertia and structural change

Emerging markets from the BRICS have been at the forefront of challenging the dependency that they had from technological paths developed in the Triade. For example, the Innovar Policy in Brazil had been considered as one of the most successful attempts to upgrade the position of the country in the global value chain, constraining OEMs and first-tier suppliers to localise research capacities and develop innovations specially-dedicated to the needs of the country. This has been done by maintaining a double tension between the strong regional dimension of automobile policy to attract FDI and the respect of WTO trade regulations. We call for papers presenting cases of national and regional policies and regulations for developing innovations in the automobile industry with a special focus on those developed in BRICS’ countries. We are also interested in prospective public policy and paradigms for innovation and industrial policies in all countries and their compatibility with the regulations of supranational bodies (European Union policies-competition, internal market, etc.) and international agreements at the world level by international organisations (WTO, UN-ECE WP or Paris COP21, etc.).